Gemstones are naturally occurring minerals or rocks that are cut and polished to be used in jewelry or as ornamental items. They are prized for their beauty, rarity, and often, their durability.

Gemstones are formed deep within the Earth’s crust or mantle through various geological processes. These processes include heat, pressure, and the slow cooling of molten rock (magma).

Some of the most popular gemstones include diamonds, rubies, sapphires, emeralds, amethysts, and pearls. However, there are countless other gemstones, each with its unique properties and charm.

The terms “precious” and “semi-precious” were traditionally used to categorize gemstones. Precious gemstones included diamonds, rubies, sapphires, and emeralds, while all others were considered semi-precious. However, this classification is outdated, and today, all gemstones are valued based on their individual characteristics.

Synthetic gemstones are created in a laboratory but have the same chemical and physical properties as natural gemstones. They are often more affordable but lack the rarity and natural imperfections of their natural counterparts.

• Gemstone authenticity can be verified through various methods, including certification from reputable gemological laboratories, professional appraisal, and visual inspection for inclusions or imperfections.